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Element:If
all the atoms in a substance has the same identity it becomes {blank}.
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alkali
metals:
Group I in the periodic table.
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alkaline
earth metals: Group II in the periodic table.
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alkane:
An organic molecule which contains only single carbon-carbon bonds.
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alkene:
An organic molecule containing at least one C=C bond
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alkyne:
An organic molecule containing at least one C-C triple bond.
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Viscosity:
The resistance to flow by a fluid.
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Pascal:
Used to measure pressure.
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Atom:
Element
composed of one type, the {blank}.
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Nucleus:
The center of a atom.
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Protons:
Particles in a atom with a positive charge.
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Neutrons:
Particles in a atom with no charge.
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Electrons:
Particles in a atom with a negative charge.
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catalyst:
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up by the
reaction. Enzymes are catalysts because they allow the reactions that take
place in the body to occur fast enough that we can live.
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colloid:
It's a suspension.
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energy
level: A possible level of energy that an electron can
have in an atom.
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enthalpy:
A measurement of the energy content of a system.
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entropy:
A measurement of the randomness in a system.
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enzyme:
A
biological molecule that catalyzes reactions in living creatures.
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equilibrium:
When the forward rate of a chemical reaction is the same as the reverse rate.
This only takes place in reversible reactions because these are the only type
of reaction in which the forward and backward reactions can both take place.
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gamma
ray:
High energy light given off during a nuclear process. When a nucleus gives off
this light, it goes to a lower energy state, making it more stable
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group:
A column (the things up and down) in the periodic table. Elements in the same
group tend to have the same properties. These are also called
"families".
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ideal gas law: PV=nRT
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ideal gas: A gas in which the particles
are infinitely small, have a kinetic energy directly proportional to the
temperature, travel in random straight lines, and don't attract or repel each
other. Needless to say, there's no such thing as an ideal gas in the real
world. However, we use ideal gases anyway because they make the math work out
well for equations that describe how gases behave.
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ideal
solution: A solution in which the vapor pressure is directly
proportional to the mole fraction of solvent present
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Kelvin:
A unit used to measure temperature. One Kelvin is equal in size to one degree
Celsius. To convert between degrees Celsius and Kelvins, simply add 273.15 to
the temperature in degrees Celsius to get Kelvins.
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ketone:
A molecule containing a R-CO-R' functional group. Acetone (dimethyl ketone) is
a common one.
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kinetic
energy: The energy due to the movement of an object. The
more something moves, the more kinetic energy it has
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pH:
-log[H+]
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polyatomic:
contains more than one atom.
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polymer:
A molecule containing many repeating units. Plastics are polymers and are
formed by free radical chain reactions.
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product:
The thing you make in a chemical reaction
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STP:
See standard temperature and pressure.
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strong
acid: An acid that fully dissociates in water
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synthesis:
When you make a big molecule from two or more smaller ones.
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system:
Everything you're talking about at the moment.
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temperature:
A measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system.
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thermodynamics:
The study of energy
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unit
cell: The simplest part of a crystal that can be repeated
over and over to make the whole thing.
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volatile:
A substance with a high vapor pressure.
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